The "-WORDS-" files in this archive are based on the NGSL and TSL lists (see below). They are useful in exercises to become more proficient in Morse Code. (Additionally they will be of help to learners of English as a second language -- ESL) 73 Tom DF7TV February 4, 2021 -- The following content is retrieved from http://www.newgeneralservicelist.org =============================================================================== New General Service List 1.01 (NGSL): Celebrating 60 years of Vocabulary Learning: In 1953, Michael West published a remarkable list of several thousand important vocabulary words known as the General Service List (GSL). Based on more than two decades of pre-computer corpus research, input from other famous early 20th century researchers such as Harold Palmer, and several vocabulary conferences sponsored by the Carnegie Foundation in the 30s, the GSL was designed to be more than simply a list of high frequency words, its primary purpose was to combine both objective and subjective criteria to come up with a list of words that would be of “general service” to learners of English as a foreign language. However, as useful and helpful as this list has been to us over the decades, it has also been criticized for (1) being based on a corpus that is considered to be quite dated, (2) being too small by modern standards (the initial work on the GSL was based on a 2.5 million word corpus that was collected under a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1938), and (3) for not clearly defining what constitutes a “word”. In March of 2013, on the 60th anniversary of West’s publication of the GSL, my colleagues (Dr. Brent Culligan & Joseph Phillips of Aoyama Gakuin Women’s Junior College) and I (Dr. Charles Browne, Meiji Gakuin University) announced the creation of a New General Service List (NGSL), one that is based on a carefully selected 273 million-word subsection of the 2 billion word Cambridge English Corpus (CEC) -- TOEIC Service List 1.1 (TSL): In May of 2016, Dr Browne and Dr Culligan published a 2nd special purpose word list, the TSL or TOEIC Service List, that was designed to be used as the next step after learning the New General Service List for learners who need to understand the texts and listening materials that appear on the TOEIC exam. Based on a 1.5 million word corpus of TOEIC materials, the 1200 words of the TSL (when combined with the 2800 words of the NGSL) provides up to 99% coverage of words that appear on the TOEIC test. More information on the TSL version 1.1, as well as a growing number of free TSL resources can be found on the TSL page from the pulldown on the left. -- With approved use of the Cambridge English Corpus, Dr. Charles Browne, Dr. Brent Culligan and Joseph Phillips have created a New General Service List (NGSL) of core high frequency vocabulary words for students of English as a second language . First published in early 2013, the NGSL provides over 92% coverage for most general English texts (the highest of any corpus-derived general English word list to date). Use the pulldown menu to download the NGSL in various forms, and to try out our large and growing number of free online tools for learning, teaching, testing, analysing and editing texts with the NGSL. Be sure to check out our other special purpose word lists which have been designed to work in a modular approach in conjunction with the NGSL - these include the New Academic Word List (NAWL), the TOEIC Service List (TSL), the Business Service List (BSL), Fitness English List (FEL), New Dolch List (NDL) for young learners, and the New General Service List Spoken (NGSL-S). All of our corpus-derived word lists are public domain and available to you for free as long as you properly cite our work (how to cite is mentioned in the FAQ section). Enjoy! -- NEW GENERAL SERVICE LIST: In text citation of the NGSL: Browne, C., Culligan, B. & Phillips, J. (2013) Bibliographical reference to the above: Browne, C., Culligan, B. & Phillips, J. (2013). The New General Service List. Retrieved from http://www.newgeneralservicelist.org. -- TOEIC SERVICE LIST: In text citation of the TSL: Browne, C., and Culligan, B. (2016) Bibliographical reference to the above: Browne, C., and Culligan, B. (2016). The TOEIC Service List. Retrieved from http://www.newgeneralservicelist.org.